Every so often you need to use a queue to manage operations in an application. Python makes this very simple. Python also, as I’ve written about before, makes threading very easy to work with. So in this quick program I’ll describe via comments, how to make a simple queue where each job is processed by a thread. Integrating this code to read jobs from a mysql database would be trivial as well; simply replace the “jobs = [..." code with a database call to a row select query.

#!/usr/bin/env python
## DATE: 2011-01-20
## FILE: queue.py
## AUTHOR: Matt Reid
## WEBSITE: http://themattreid.com
from Queue import *
from threading import Thread, Lock

'''this function will process the items in the queue, in serial'''
def processor():
    if queue.empty() == True:
        print "the Queue is empty!"
        sys.exit(1)
    try:
        job = queue.get()
        print "I'm operating on job item: %s"%(job)
        queue.task_done()
    except:
        print …

Lately I’ve had to do some environment load testing so I wrote this quick script. It can be modified as needed but the basic idea is that it spawns $x threads (–threads) and then sends two connections (or however many you want with –per-connection=) per thread to the URL (–url=). You can have it wait a configurable time between connections as well (–wait=).

The url is appended with a 32 character randomized string so that any database/caching on the backend of the site isn’t serving data from a warm cache. You can hunt down the string length for 32 and change it to whatever you want. Feel free to change and use as needed, just keep my info at top.

#!/usr/bin/python
################################################################################
## DATE: 2010-10-26
## AUTHOR: Matt Reid
## MAIL: mreid@kontrollsoft.com
## SITE: http://kontrollsoft.com
## LICENSE: BSD http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php …

There are many times when writing an application that single threaded database operations are simply too slow. In these cases it’s a matter of course that you’ll use multi-threading or forking to spawn secondary processes to handle the database actions. In this simple example for Python multi-threading you’ll see the how simple it is to improve the performance of your python app.

#!/usr/bin/python
## DATE: 2010-08-30
## AUTHOR: Matt Reid
## WEBSITE: http://themattreid.com
## LICENSE: BSD http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php
## Copyright 2010-present Matt Reid

from __future__ import division
from socket import gethostname;
import threading
import sys
import os
import MySQLdb

class threader(threading.Thread):
    def __init__(self,method):
        threading.Thread.__init__(self)
        self.tx =
        self.method = method
    def run(self):
        run_insert()

def run_insert():
    sql = "INSERT INTO table (`id`,`A`,`B`,`C`) VALUES …

If you need to work with LVM in your scripts but haven’t found a good method to access details about Logical Volume Groups, here’s a simple Python script that will print the details about any volumes on your system. This could be useful for writing a partition check script for your MySQL data directory (if you’re not using a standard monitoring system like Nagios).

import sys
import os
import commands
import subprocess
import select

def lvm():
    print ""
    LVM_PATH = "/sbin"
    LVM_BIN = os.path.join(LVM_PATH, 'lvm')
    argv = list()
    argv.append(LVM_BIN)
    argv.append("lvs")
    argv.append("--nosuffix")
    argv.append("--noheadings")
    argv.append("--units")
    argv.append("b")
    argv.append("--separator")
    argv.append(";")
    argv.append("-o")
    argv.append("lv_name,vg_name,lv_size")

    process = subprocess.Popen(argv, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
    output = ""
    out = process.stdout.readline()
    output += out
    lines = …

Here’s a simple answer to a simple question. “How do I run a backup of MySQL to another machine without writing to the local server’s filesystem?” – this is especially useful if you are running out of space on the local server and cannot write a temporary file to the filesystem during backups.

Method one – this writes a remote file.
mysqldump [options] [db_name|--all-databases]| gzip -c | ssh user@host.com "cat > /path/to/new/file.sql.gz"

Method two – this writes directly into a remote mysql server
mysqldump [options] [db_name|--all-databases]| mysql --host=[remote host] –user=root –password=[pass] [db_name]

If you’ve been looking for a simple python script to use with MySQL that you can use to expand upon for your next project, check this one out. It has error handling for the connection, error handling for the sql call, and loop iteration for the rows returned.

#!/usr/bin/python
import sys
import MySQLdb

my_host = "localhost"
my_user = "user"
my_pass = "password"
my_db = "test"

try:
    db = MySQLdb.connect(host=my_host, user=my_user, passwd=my_pass, db=my_db)
except MySQLdb.Error, e:
     print "Error %d: %s" % (e.args[0], e.args[1])
     sys.exit (1)

cursor = db.cursor()
sql = "select column1, column2 from table";
cursor.execute(sql)
results = cursor.fetchall()
for row in results:
    column1 = row[0]
    column2 = row[1]
    print "column1: %s, column2: %s"%(column1,column2)

db.close()

If you’re using the new Arthemia theme for WordPress you might notice that there are two areas of the theme that can have articles promoted to; namely Headline and Featured sections. This is controlled by category association. Basically you have a post and if you want it in the Headline area of the theme you attach the category “headline” to it, similarly for the featured section. Now, let’s say you don’t want to manually change this all the time since it can be time consuming to promote posts to those categories if you want rotating content.

Here’s a simple solution. In this bash script I connect to MySQL and remove the current associations from posts and then randomly choose posts to be promoted to the Headline and Featured categories. This can be modified for other ideas you might have involving categories/posts/randomized …

A couple of question I get a lot from MySQL customers is “how will this hardware upgrade improve my transactions per second (TPS)” and “what level of TPS will MySQL perform on this hardware if I’m running ACID settings?” Running sysbench against MySQL with different values for per-thread and global memory buffer sizes, ACID settings, and other settings gives me concrete values to bring to the customer to show the impact that more RAM, faster CPUs, faster disks, or cnf changes have on the server. Here are some examples for a common question: “If I’m using full ACID settings vs non-ACID settings what performance am I going to get from this server?”

Let’s find out by running sysbench with the following settings (most are self explanatory – if not the man page can explain them):

• sysbench –test=oltp –db-driver=mysql –oltp-table-size=1000000 –mysql-engine-trx=yes –oltp-test-mode=complex …

Looking around on Google for a webpage test script returns a lot of results. Some of them are useful, some are not. In particular, for Python, the scripts on the first page of results are minimal and lacking a useful copy and paste / ready to go script that will answer the question “is my webpage available?”. So I decided to write a quick one that will give you the return code and email you as an alert if the page does not return with a 200 code (successful). You can find the script here. Update: the webserver was trying to execute the script as a .py file so I just changed it to .txt – for it to work you will want to change the .txt extension to a .py extension after you download it.

If you are familiar with Python scripting, this script could easily be modified to post to a form so that you can test a MySQL transaction (or other transactional DB) …

I just uploaded a new tarball for sar-sql containing a few bug fixes, overall code improvements. I also added options to get a partial snapshot of SHOW SLAVE STATUS and SHOW MASTER STATUS. I chose only a few columns to avoid over complicating the project.

I plan one more round of heavy code changes, but no new features until I can stabilize the code enough to release it as beta.


Feel free to visit the project page in Launchpad to comment on the Blueprints, report new bugs and participate through the Answers section.

Thank you very much to Patrick Galbraith who provided some ideas on the best way to solve some of the coding issues.

Enjoy the …